At the Second Annual Rome Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Pope Leo XIV delivered a powerful message urging global leaders, scientists, and developers to prioritise ethical considerations and human dignity in the race to advance artificial intelligence.
Calling AI “an exceptional product of human genius,” the Pope acknowledged its tremendous potential across sectors like healthcare and scientific research. Yet he also issued a firm warning: “It must remain a tool and one that never overshadows or undermines the uniquely human capacity for truth, moral discernment, and spiritual growth.”
Raising Alarm for the Next Generation
Pope Leo’s strongest concerns centred around the impact of artificial intelligence on children and young people. In a world increasingly shaped by generative AI, he emphasised that society must safeguard the intellectual and neurological development of its youth.
“All of us, I am sure, are concerned for children and young people and the possible consequences of the use of AI on their intellectual and neurological development,” the Pope said.
He stressed that emerging generations “must be helped, and not hindered, in their journey towards maturity and true responsibility,” framing young people as “our hope for the future.” The moral and emotional development of youth, he added, is foundational to the well-being of society at large.
More Than Data: The Human Dimension of Intelligence
Pope Leo also addressed a philosophical divide growing in the age of machine learning: the conflation of information with intelligence.
“No generation has ever had such quick access to the amount of information now available through AI,” he said. “But again, access to data, however extensive, must not be confused with intelligence.”
True intelligence, he explained, involves openness to life’s ultimate questions and a moral orientation towards truth and goodness. This, he warned, risks being obscured in an era where machines mimic human thought but lack conscience or compassion.
The Church’s Ethical Compass in the Age of AI
The Pope’s message was clear: the Church is not shying away from the AI debate. In fact, it seeks to offer “a serene and informed discussion” rooted in the pursuit of holistic human development.
Pope Leo emphasised that evaluating AI must go beyond material progress to include “intellectual and spiritual well-being” and must be guided by the principle of the “inviolable dignity of each human person.”
In a veiled critique of societies increasingly shaped by digital efficiency and economic gain, he lamented a “loss” or “eclipse” of what it means to be human. This moment, he said, calls for deeper reflection on human dignity and the values that underpin ethical progress.
AI at a Crossroads: Tool of Equality or Engine of Conflict?
While acknowledging AI’s positive applications in promoting equality and innovation, the Pope issued a sobering reminder of its darker potential.
“AI has been used in positive and indeed noble ways,” he said, “but also raises the possibility of its misuse for selfish gain at the expense of others, or worse, to foment conflict and aggression.”
He urged developers and global leaders to be vigilant to ensure that AI does not become a weapon of division or exploitation but a force for solidarity and peace.
A Mission for Generations: Wisdom Over Data
In closing, Pope Leo called for a renewed commitment to “authentic wisdom,” which he defined as “recognising the true meaning of life,” not simply aggregating knowledge.
He encouraged conference participants to view AI development through the lens of “intergenerational apprenticeship,” ensuring that younger generations are equipped not only with technical skill but also with moral insight.
“The task set before you is not easy,” the Pope concluded, “but it is one of vital importance.”
As artificial intelligence reshapes the fabric of society, Pope Leo XIV’s call serves as both a caution and a compass, reminding the world that the ultimate benchmark for progress is not how much we can make machines do, but how well we uphold our shared humanity in the process.
